Adopting New Technologies for Supply Chain Management

Transportation Research Part E 39 (2003) 95–121 www.elsevier.com/locate/tre Adopting new technologies for supply chain management Kirk A. Patterson a, Curtis M. Grimm b, Thomas M. Corsi a c,* c Department of Operational Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, USA b Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Supply Chain Management Center, Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Abstract Integration of supply chain activities and the technologies to accomplish it have become competitive necessities in most industries. Accordingly, the trend toward greater use of supply chain†¦show more content†¦. . and create and commercialize a stream of new products and processes that shift the technology frontier, progressing as fast as their rivals catch up’’ (Porter and Stern, 2001, p. 28). One area of innovation that has been the focus of signiï ¬ cant discussion is information technology adoption. US executives allocate 40% of new capital equipment investment to technology (Hitt and Brynjolfsson, 1996). Innovative information technologies have the capacity to impact organizational structure, ï ¬ rm strategy, communication exchange, operational procedures, buyer– supplier relationships, and bargaining power (Bowersox and Daugherty, 1995; Lewis and Talalayevsky, 1997; Williams et al., 1997; Clemons and Row, 1991). Information technolog y may also increase organizational productivity, ï ¬â€šexibility, and competitiveness (Cash and Konsynski, 1985) and stimulate the development of interorganizational networks (Daugherty et al., 1995). Information systems have become so pervasive that they are now considered to be a requirement for doing business in todayÕs competitive marketplace (Clemons and McFarlan, 1986; Dawe, 1994; Rogers, 1990; Rogers et al., 1992). Supply chain management is recognized as an important area for information technology innovation and investment (Bowersox and Daugherty, 1995). Supply chain management has been deï ¬ ned by The Global Supply Chain Forum as ‘‘. . . the integration of key business processes from end user through original suppliers thatShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management And Operation Management1374 Words   |  6 Pages1) Definition of the scope Supply chain management and operation management have become integral components as far as organizational competitiveness is concerned. This paper will begin by offering a literature review about supply chain management and operations management. Then, the paper will explore various issues within the Airbus company and analyze the identified issues by apply SCOM concept. 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In general, healthcare supply chains are very complex, diverse, and dynamic. That complexity arises from the numerous companiesRead MoreImportance Of Crm On Today s Supply Chain Logistics Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of CRM in today’s Supply Chain Logistics Environment Clifford T. Kinnear Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Aviation Logistics and Supply Chain Management; ASCI 433, Instructor; Professor Hunt Correspondence of this paper should be addressed to Clifford T. Kinnear and Dave Hunt How to contact; kinnearc@my.erau.edu, dave.hunt@erau.edu Abstract The customer should be made an integral part of the supply chain logistics apparatus. Customers demand loyalty and a fairRead More Supply Chain Integration1165 Words   |  5 Pageseffective supply chain. With the Enterprise Integration Act of 2002, the government will support the integration of data between manufactures, assemblers and suppliers and provide supply chain standards. 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The research objectives are discussed in depth and each section will aim to answer research questions that were set. 4.2 To identify the impact of information technology on SCM Supply chain management can be defined asRead MoreDual Approach For Information Technology Strategic Management Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation technology strategic management: on one hand, the firm should develop the capability to implement efficiently some â€Å"standard† solutions on an opportunity-based approach; on the other hand, it should embed its IT system in the organization with a strong top management commitment and a clear strategic alignment. It also highlights the contribution of IT in helping to restructure the entire distribution set up to achieve higher service levels and lower inventory and lower supply chain costs.

Questions On Accounting Information System Essay - 1316 Words

Discussion Accounting information system is increasingly important to contemporary organisations, can help to increase the flexibility, keep the necessary accounting records, save money and time on accounting record functions. Xero is an accounting report software development company, it established to provide beautiful accounting software. Drays Co is a company, sells medical equipment, which desires to adopt Xero accounting software. However Rose, who is the accountant of Dray Co, has difficulties to adopt Xero accounting systems. There are three specific issues are: risks of the cloud, systems development life cycle and outwardly organised systems. These issues will be discussed separately in the following content. Risks of the Cloud An unsuitable contract or unfavourable term in the contract can increase the risk for customers, especially the privacy and data security terms in the contract (Queensland Government, 2014. Para.3). Due to the privacy terms between provider and customer, service provider will not be allowed to know the content of customer’s data that stored on the cloud, thus they should not liable for securing and segregating the subscriber data (Merrill Kang, 2014, p.3). Thus, cloud providers will not agree with the indemnification, if there are incidents and breaches. The unfavourable term also can pose risk, for example, the words â€Å"security incident† probably are not wide enough to cover the proper incident obligations (Merrill Kang, 2014, p.3).Show MoreRelatedQuestions On Accounting Information Systems2346 Words   |  10 PagesACC539-201560 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS – ASSIGNMENT 1 The abovementioned has been arranged in two parts on the same document, first Question 1 then Question 2 follows below that: QUESTION 1: Question 1: explanation of how implementation of cloud accounting information system in an organisation relates to corporate straegy and value chain. 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Compare the language themes and style Essay Example For Students

Compare the language themes and style Essay As Alice in Wonderland and the BFG are both written for a childrens audience there are many similarities within the themes and styles of these books, however there is also a vast transformation of language and the styles used. As these texts have been written within 100 years of each other this change is usually due to the evolution in society and laws that would once dictate common features within the book, i. e. the use of neologisms. In Alice in Wonderland we see that the perception of children in Victorian society vastly contradicts that of today. Children in Victorian society were considered, after the age of eight, to be small adults that would start to take on serious responsibilities that would involve helping with finance of their family. This effects the style and themes used in Alice as children would be encouraged to take on a more mature attitude but still lead an active imagination. This is shown throughout the book by the attitudes of characters in concern to their place in the hierarchy. A clear example of this is in Alice in Wonderland would be the Queen as she clearly acts as though she is better than everybody else and everyone in her presence acknowledges this and conforms to these rules. In The BFG however we have a similar situation involving a Queen and the interaction of those around her. The main difference in this text however, in concern to authority, is that although the Queen is recognised as having a higher power, those around her i. e. the Head of the Army and the Head of the Air Force do not have a problem of suggesting something else. Another clear temporal change what is clear in these two texts is the use of narrator in the texts. Alice in wonderland uses a significantly more amount of narration than in The BFG. The main reasons for this could be the fact that Alice in Wonderland has been written for an adult audience to read to their child whereas The BFG has been written for children to read on their own. A clear example of this is way The BFG narrates most of the story though the use of speech and not a separate narrator. You sling him underneath the belly of your bellypoper and carry him like a porteedo This helps the child understand what is going to happen in the story without adding another voice to the story that would perhaps interfere the childs understanding. Alice in wonderland however uses a large amount of narration that would largely be found in more adult books. This suggests that Alice in Wonderland is not only a childrens story but is also written for the entertainment of adults. Although both texts do have a slight differ in audience, the types of narrator in these books are the same. Both Alice in Wonderland and The BFG use a flawed narrator with omniscient features. This enables the read to make independent interpretations from knowing what is going on in the mind of the two girls Alice and Sophie. This would be expected of a childrens story as generally there is one character on a quest and this character is followed the whole way through. In both extracts we face several instances of verbal, structural and satirical irony. This irony plays an important in both books as it adds subtle humour to the story that can be enjoyed by various audiences. Alice in Wonderland contains primarily structural and satirical irony that is developed through the register of the characters. Whats your name, child? This shows how the use of interrogative sentences in Alice in Wonderland has been used to show authoritarian characteristics found in the Queen of Hearts and her immediate response to situations that she has not ordered herself. This circumstance shows the satirical outlook of Victorian society that Lewis Carroll often hints on throughout the whole of Alice in Wonderland. The BFG however uses a strong use of verbal irony especially in this extract when the BFG is interacting with other humans who are not used to his fictional dialect. .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 , .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .postImageUrl , .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 , .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10:hover , .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10:visited , .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10:active { border:0!important; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10:active , .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10 .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7304e970f97c451861d8df2aa44dc10:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare How Poets Present The Effects Of Conflict Essay ThesisAnd one from Wellington, in New Zealand, said the Head of the Army For the booty flavour! cried the BFG. This shows how a simple change in semantics, to which the BFG and the other giants have learnt, has lead to a completely different context that becomes confusion. This verbal irony also shows how those who are older and used to received pronunciation find it harder to understand what the BFG is saying as we see several times that Sophie must translate for the Head of the Army and the Head of the Air Force.

We Are Our Mothers Daughters Essays - Cokie Roberts,

We Are Our Mothers Daughters' Book Review We Are Our Mothers' Daughters News correspondent Cokie Roberts, author of a meaningful book titled We are Our Mothers' Daughters, published in 1998, call number 001-170, discusses significant issues facing women today in her book. She takes her readers on a personal and political journey, exploring the diverse roles women have played throughout American history and the connections and distinctions among different generations of women. On a personal level, each essay is an introduction to several of the fascination women Roberts has encountered during the course of her reporting career; she also relates powerful and moving life stories about the women in her life, like her mother former Congresswoman Lindy Boggs. Roberts style is unique. Roberts takes you through intimate stories of extraordinary women; these women become the beginning for more extensive discussions of women's position in politics, business, motherhood, and marriage, as well as other issues. Roberts examines the nature of women's roles, from mother to mechanic, sister to soldier, from her personal experience. Roberts is very sincere to her feelings in her writing in this book. I felt just as she was happy or sad. She begins her writing with the intense story of her sister, whom dies from cancer at a young age. The story of her mothers life as a politician next. Roberts also, wrote about an aunt of hers, a soldier, mechanic, friend, reporter, civil rights activist, wife, and an enterpriser. She concludes her book by her last chapter titled A Women's Place. She discusses all the important roles of the women she wrote about and how they tie together. A women's place is everywhere and anywhere in today's world. She worked her writing by writing about the women that were close to her and extended from there to other fascinating women she encountered in her career. Roberts dedicated a chapter to each women she wrote about. This book from my view is sensitive, strait forward, and perceptive. It also shows such a diversity of choices and perspectives available to women today and greatly affirms the bond of females powerful inter connection among all women, whatever their background. I would suggest anyone interested in where a women belong and the history of women should read this selection. It's just one of those bookes, where from start to end you might cry or laugh. I garuntee when you begin to read, you will not want to stop till you have read the entire book.

Flowers For Algernon Persuasive Essay Essays

Flowers For Algernon Persuasive Essay Essays Flowers For Algernon Persuasive Essay Essay Flowers For Algernon Persuasive Essay Essay Essay Topic: Flowers for Algernon Persuasive The very beginning of your essay is called the hook because it hooks your re adders attention. The hook should relate to the topic of your essay, but it can take m any forms. It can be an anecdote (very short stow), a fact, a quote, or a rhetorical question (a question to which you dont expect an answer). Here are three ideas for hooks that could work for this topic. Choose one of the ideas below, or use your own idea and write hook on the lines provided (13 sentences). ANECDOTE: Describe a story about intelligence or some other topic related to his essay. For example, you could talk about a person in school who is developmentally delayed or about someone you an owe who is very intelligent for that matter, so long as it has some connection to your opinion about Charlie. SURPRISING FACT: Find a fact that will raise your readers eyebrows. You cool d also do some research and find a surprising fact about people with developmental delays or Down Syndrome t hat is not included in the story. RHETORICAL QUESTION: Ask a question about whether or not people with De placement delays should have the same sights as people without them, or whether or not IQ levels are necessarily all t hat important. : Your hook: STEP 5: SUMMARIZE THE ISSUE. Let readers know a little about the story and issue you will be writing about. T his is not your point of view, its just a very brief summary Of the issue and the story-?in this case, the Story Flowers for Algerian and the fact that Charlie decided to have an operation to triple his intelligence. Be sure to include a T. A. G. Statement here. Your summary of the story and the issue: PART TWO: DRAFTING, PARAGRAPH BY PARAGRAPH Directions: Follow the guidelines below to write a strong essay on whether or not Charlie was right to have the operation to triple his intelligence. INTRODUCTION ; Open with your hook from Step 4, above. Write a transition sentence that relates your hook to the question of whether or not Charlie should have had the operation. (See the handout Great Transitions for some ways to link your id ease. ) ; Write your summary of the issue from Step 5. ; Finish with your thesis from Step 3. 3 BODY PARAGRAPHS Heres where you write your reasons from Step 2. For each reason you listed, o will write a body paragraph. As always with any paragraph you will begin with a topic sentence, then add specific diet ails from the story (including at least one quotation from the story) that provide additional details, and finally include a concluding sentence for each paragraph. Order your body paragraphs from the weakest to the strongest reason. Readers tend to remember best the diet ails that are presented last. One way to think of this is to follow the TIGER pattern: epic sentence that states the reason you believe Charlie was right or wrong to have the operation.

Road Workouts for Truck Drivers Part 1

Road Workouts for Truck Drivers Part 1 A sedentary lifestyle (even when your seat is covering miles of road each day) is  bad for your health. Combining regular exercise with healthy eating habits can help make up for the amount of time you spend sitting. The driving experts at RoadMaster have some great tips to get you up and running–or at least stretching often and walking briskly.Take Proper PrecautionsFirst, check with your doctor to make sure you don’t have any underlying health problems that could affect a new workout regimen. Whenever you’re trying something new, be especially aware of your form to maximize your workout’s effectiveness and safety.If your company has a training program or there’s a gym near home, see if you can set up a few meetings with a trainer who can observe your routine and make suggestions to improve it. Don’t forget to rest between workouts! Recovery is when your muscles rebuild after all that exertion.One of the great things about being on the roa d is that you don’t need a lot of gear to workout- you can push or pull on the giant immobile object that gets you from point A to point B!- just make sure you test the stability and functionality of any equipment before you put your weight on it.And Accessories like stretch bands, dumbbells, jump ropes, and even a yoga mat can fit easily in your cab.CardioCardiovascular workouts cover all manner of moving and shaking, from walking to jumping rope, running to a spin class. Target your legs, shoulders, back, core, and arms- and you’re strengthening your lungs and stamina too. If you’re out of shape, go easy as you gear up for a cardio workout. And remember, 30 minutes of steady walking will do you more good than a series of springs. Keep moving at a regular pace to raise your heart rate, and be sure rehydrate afterwards. You can find stretching and beginner yoga videos online to help you cool down and keep your muscles from stiffening right back up.Check out part 2 for mosre exercises you can take with you on your route!

Domestic materials compactor Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Domestic materials compactor - Research Paper Example The capacity is however designed to meet the requirements it is meant to work. Normally, a kitchen would not have as much as 60 cans unless on special occasions. The capacity is actually sufficient to its intended purpose. However, the provision which allows the pod to slide in and out makes increasing capacity where there is need to do so. It would simply require a larger pod probably protruding externally or downwards to increase its height. The need for a cleaner and environmentally friendly way of waste disposal is a necessity in the modern homes where space is an issue of concern (GliÃ… ¡ović and Ã… ½arko 5). There are several areas of client needs that are sufficiently addresses by the manufacturing system, including, hygiene, space, and aesthetic quality. The system ensures that waste disposal is done is a hygienically friendly way rather than have wastes loitering here and there. By compressing the cans, lesser space is required to dispose a higher volume of wastes and as such disposal space is saved. Additionally, the system allows items to be separated in an environmentally friendly way in readiness for disposal. In terms of aesthetic quality, one needs not ask much. Other than the carefully designed shape, the system is built of stainless steel and plastic which are well brushed ensuring it looks amazing great when placed in the kitchen. The pods as well as made to have a great aesthetic finish and would fit the kitchen just like other good looking appliances would. Another aspect of manufacturing sufficiently addressed by this product is convertibility and quality (Gupta 221). With regard to quality, the product is outstanding. The materials used are relevant; it looks good and completes its functions effectively. Additionally, considering its multiple fit-in parts and compartments, the product can be converted as the user deems appropriate let alone mention that it can be modified to perform other functions such as storage. It is

Will online education replace traditional education Essay

Will online education replace traditional education - Essay Example Some people argue that online education will replace the traditional classroom mode of learning as this form of education is cheaper to run and can reach more people at a particular time. Similar to most of the issues in education presently, economics are at the centre of the discourse, but the online courses are relatively expensive as they need a considerable and supported network. The instructors that are conversant with this mode of learning along with the students that enrol for it have to change their learning to involve a computer screen only. There are certain positive attributes that are associated with online learning including the fact that they can inspire peer-to-peer learning, partnership between various regions and the capability to easily get involved in an exciting and new discipline. On the other hand, these online courses do not always motivate practical and beneficial criticism as limited interaction takes place between the instructors of the course and their students coupled with huge disparities in regard to digital literacy. These characteristics every so often seem to be associated with the form of online course that an individual is taking. There are online courses that teach through broadcast, and this are the ones that are associated with most of the negative attributes. The ones that use a connectivist medium of instruction are typically associated with more practical attributes. Regardless of the mentioned distinctions, all the online courses have some common characteristic that is privilege. This means that the student taking the course must be able to access a steady and reliable internet connection, a good computer, enough time to engage the learning material as well as literary expertise that will allow them to participate in the sessions. This things are not available to everyone and the people that can easily access them come from

The Ambition and Idealism of Benito Mussolini Essay Example for Free

The Ambition and Idealism of Benito Mussolini Essay The rise and fall of the Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini in Italy during the early half of the twentieth century demonstrate the story of a man’s vision pursued, but eventually doomed. The reign of Mussolini in Italy is one remembered in history as a violent suppression of human rights in name of a ruthless ambition to revive the past glory of Italy and ultimately (re)create an Italian empire (Smith). Born in a small Italian village in the district of Predappio, his beginnings were humble (Roberts, 2006). However, his educated parents gave him an education which broadened his view of the world and led him to be dissatisfied and restless about the opportunities a man like him could have in Predappio. His father, who was a blacksmith, actively participated in Socialist concerns and voiced out his opinion against dubious policies that affected their labor (Roberts, 2006). His mother, who worked as a schoolteacher in a small village for a meager salary, taught the young Benito discipline and focus. He was educated in a strict Catholic school which proved to be unsuitable for him because of his restlessness, inclination to rebellion and uncontrolled and violent temper (Haugen, 2007). After transferring to a different school, Mussolini blossomed into his adolescence with a great aptitude and flair for writing and oration. He became interested in politics, poetry and literature. Around 1902, he attempted to work as a schoolteacher but failed miserably at it, so he decided to migrate to Switzerland to find opportunity and also to escape the military draft during that time in Italy (Roberts, 2006). Upon his return to Italy in 1904 and the subsequent pardon of all draft dodgers in exchange for their enlistment in the army, Mussolini realized that his future was in the country of his birth (Roberts, 2006). His appetite for adventure, socialism, journalism and politics landed him an editorial job in Trent near the Italian-Austrian border where he asserted and promoted his Socialist beliefs. He also trumpeted the pride of being Italian and spoke about the â€Å"Latin genius and courage† (Roberts, 2006, 19). After being evicted from that district because of its anti-socialists sentiments, he moved to Forli near his birthplace to work for a socialist newspaper and engaged himself in more political work (â€Å"Benito Mussolini†). It was in Forli where he was elected as the secretary for the Socialists. His popularity grew as he became more voracious in his writings and speeches. He drew support from his radical decisions such as the strike he organized in Forli which resulted to his imprisonment (â€Å"Benito Mussolini†). When World Ward I broke out, Mussolini opposed the participation of Italy claiming that he would only support class war and threatened a proletariat revolution if Italy continued their support (Smith). But, he retracted soon after and encouraged young men to enlist; this decision resulted in his expulsion from the Socialist party (â€Å"Benito Mussolini†). He formed the Fascist party through the establishment of a pro-war group called Fasci dAzione Rivoluzionaria (Smith). However, Mussolini failed to secure the seats he needed in senate to gain power and control. After the breakdown of a weak alliance with the dominant party Popolare, Mussolini decided that he won’t win the seats democratically, so he staged a siege in Rome which ended in the invitation of the king for him to build a new government (Smith). It was at this point as the head of the National Fascist Party that he established himself as dictator, Il Duce (â€Å"Mussolini†). From that point on he would demand blind trust from the people after insisting through propaganda that he was after all their â€Å"infallible, irreplaceable duce† (Griffin, 2000, 31). As a dictator, Mussolini knew that absolute control was key in ensuring the attainment of his goals. He formed a powerful military force and a secret police to vanquish insubordination (â€Å"Mussolini†). He converted the state economy into â€Å"corporate state† wherein all Italians in professional organizations were put in corporations controlled by the central government (â€Å"Mussolini,† Smith). Propaganda was crucial in Mussolini’s career as dictator. He spent considerable time in planning and propagating his ideas through the press, films and school books (Smith). His training as a journalist and orator helped him broadcast his imperial ideas. To proselytize younger generation, he banned history books in school and indoctrinated them with the tenets of fascism (â€Å"Benito Mussolini†). Under his rule, he abolished the parliament and rewrote the laws to ensure the loyalty of every citizen to the Fascist party (Smith). He tempered his ruthlessness with popular decisions such as the approval of Vatican’s independence. However, the people’s support to him started to wane as he made erratic, unplanned and senseless military and political decisions. In an effort to expand Italy’s territory, he waged war in Ethiopia; this was met with worldwide protest (â€Å"Mussolini†). After the League of Nations condemned his imperialist decisions, he forged allegiance with the Nazi party although he previously opposed Hitler because of Mussolini’s fear of losing Austria to the Germans. His allegiance to the Nazi marked the beginning of his gradual downfall as he supported the World War waged by Hitler (â€Å"Benito Mussolini†). Further, he spread anti-semitism in Italy which Lindemann (2007, 1) pertains to as an â€Å"opportunistic, unsystematic and unprincipled† decision. As the Allied powers encroached German territories, Italy’s weak military force gave in to the pressure of defeat. Mussolini sought refuge under the German forces and attempted to escape to Switzerland. However, anti-Fascist rebels seized their vehicle and got custody of Mussolini and twelve other Fascist party officials (Smith). They were summarily executed and their corpses were hung in public where the people ridiculed and mocked their dead bodies. The ambition for power and control and its inevitable disintegration ended the twenty year reign of Mussolini in Italy. Some historians claim that with the way Mussolini ruled Italy, it is doubtful whether he has as much idealism in him as his speech and propaganda portrayed (Griffin 2000). Whether it his idealism or his ambition which motivated his decisions, the scars of his dictatorial rule in Italy will remain in history as one of the deplorable outcomes of fascist dictatorial rule. References â€Å"Benito Mussolini. † (2008). ThinkQuest Library. Retrieved 30 January 2009 from http://library. thinkquest. org/17120/data/bios/mussolini/ Griffin, R. (2000). How fascist was Mussolini. New Perspective 9. 1 pp. 31-35. Haugen, B. (2007). Benito Mussolini: Fascist italian dictator. Minneapolis, Minn. : Compass Point Books Lindemann, A. (2007) Benito Mussolini. UCSB History Department. Retrieved 30 January 2009 from http://www. history. ucsb. edu/syllabi/spring07/Lindemann/Mussolini2. pdf â€Å"Mussolini, Benito Amicare Andrea† (1999). Who’s Who in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference Online. Retrieved 30 January 2009 from http://www. oxfordreference. com/views/ENTRY. html? subview=Mainentry=t47. e1187 Roberts, J. (2006). Benito Mussolini. Minneapolis: Lerner Publishing. Smith, D. M. Benito Mussolini. Groiler Online. Retrieved 30 January 2009 from http://www. grolier. com/wwii/wwii_mussolini. html

Gun Control - We Should Give a Gun to Every Citizen Essay -- Constitut

Gun Control – We Should Give a Gun to Every Citizen If the second amendment to the United States Constitution clearly states that, â€Å"The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed,† why do our lawmakers constantly debate the topic of weapons? Radical Democrats wish to make all guns illegal, meaning only policemen and servicemen would be equipped with guns (â€Å"Mission†). Radical Republicans (i.e. Charlton Heston), on the other hand, wish to place no restrictions whatsoever on guns, making semi-automatic and fully-automatic guns available to everybody living in or visiting the United States, without a background check or profile of the gun buyer (Heston). It seems that every time a terrible crime is committed in the United States involving a gun, the debate about gun control flares up again. The Columbine massacre and other school shootings, shootings at churches and in the workplace, the serial sniper near Washington D.C., and rises in gang activity are all examples of such events that have sp arked debates in Washington. Both sides, Democrat and Republican, have good points, but they are far from a solution. Radical Democrats have reason to want to eliminate guns from America because every year in America thousands of people are injured or killed by a firearm. It is also true that in the early 1990s there were an estimated 200 million privately-owned guns in the United States, and to try and confiscate all of those guns would be ridiculous (â€Å"Gun Control†). Radical Republicans have the 2nd amendment on their side in their quest to make all guns legal and unrestricted. They don’t have practicality or the safety of the country on their side, however. The release of fully-automatic guns into the public wou... ...he possibilities are endless. Giving a gun to every citizen of the United States is the only way to make our streets safe. It is also a very good way to stimulate the economy and prevent against foreign invasion. It may even save your life. WORKS CITED â€Å"The Assault Weapons Ban: Questions & Answers.† Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence. August 2002. Brady Campaign. Org. 3 Dec 2002 http://www.bradycampaign.org/facts/gunlaws/awb.asp>. â€Å"Gun Control.† 30 Mar 2002. Just Facts: A Resource for Independent Thinkers. 2 Dec 2002 http://www.justfacts.com/gun_control.htm>. Heston, Charles. â€Å"NRA President Charlton Heston’s Opening Comments.† 20 May 2000. NRA Annual Meeting. 2 Dec 2002 http://nrahq.org/transcripts/hestonam.asp>. â€Å"Mission.† GCN Introduction. July 1996. Gun Control Network. 2 Dec 2002 http://www.gun-control-network.org/genintro.htm>.

Day In Your Life When You Felt Really Happy Essay

â€Å"Death is not the greatest loss in life. The greatest loss is what dies inside us while we live.† ~Norman Cousins â€Å"What is happiness?† What a completely dense and loaded question this is. If I were to write a paper about happiness, I would then need to operationally define happiness in terms that allowed everyone to understand what I was referring to. The problem with this, however, is that we then merely repeat the best definition we come by, thinking we understand the meaning while never truly questioning our own thoughts on the matter; therefore never truly experiencing it. I believe this happens in the majority of circumstances, and know that I did this for many years. It is much simpler to just go along with life rather than ask yourself those true and deep questions that will rattle your world. I believe happiness is the complete mindful attention and bliss found in the present moment; the present moment is beautiful and fundamentally perfect. Therefore, one must choose to be happy right now in the present, because this is all that exists. Many years ago, I read a quote by the Dalai Lama, which I think is very applicable to this. He reported that when something is wrong, you can either fix it, and therefore it will work out and there is no need to worry, or there is nothing you can do, and therefore worrying about it is moot. When one truly and with every fiber of their being accepts death and the mystery of the future, there is nothing left but to appreciate the present moment. I believe this is where happiness stems from because it really puts things into perspective. I have been experimenting with this, and as a person who frequently worries, thinks too much, and feels often overwhelmed by life, I have found immense peace and tranquility from this acceptance. For me, it completely shifted my perspective on everything. I have been able to stay calm and resilient in situations that would normally bring on a panic attack or devastate me. This, of course, doesn’t mean that my life is now all roses and butterflies, but that this new perspective aids me in gauging situations and reacting to them as I think I should rationally, not instinctively. Ultimately, there is no way to know how your life will play out in ten minutes, and hour, or a week. Happiness is the value of every moment and the full attention paid to it.

P&G Japan Essay

Slow, conformist and risk averse – stretch, innovation and speed Leadership Innovation Team implemented a global rollout of Dryel and Swiffer Impact – 18 months after entering the first test market they were on sales in US, Europe, Latin America and Asia Processes Performance-based component of compensation increased from traditional range of 20% to 80%. Extended the reach of stock options to virtually all employees Integrated business planning process where all budget elements of the operating plan could be reviewed and approved together Structure Primary profit responsibility shifted from P&Gs four regional organisation to seven GBUs that would now manage product development, manufacturing and marketing of their respective categories worldwide Charged with standardising manufacturing processes, simplifying brand portfolios and coordinating marketing activities Eliminate bureaucracy and increase accountability Committee responsibilities were transferred to individuals Activities such as accounting, human resources, payroll and much of IT were coordinated through a global business service unit Progression form Ethnocentric/Polycentric- Regiocentric – Geocentric SK-II – within P&G this high-end product had little visibility outside Japan Because Japanese women had by far the highest use of beauty care products in the world, it was natural that the global beauty care category management started to regard Max Factor Japan as a potential source of innovation Working with R&D labs in Cincinatti and the UK, several Japanese technologists participated on a global team that developed a new product involving a durable color base and renewable moisturising second coat – Lipfinity Japanese innovations were than transferred worldwide, as Lipfinity rolled out in Europe and the US within six months of the Japanese launch Implementation of O2005 in July 1999 – half the top 30 managers and a third of the top 3000 were new to their jobs – capabilities do not reside in management Global product development process Technology team assembled at an R&D facility in Cincinnati, drawing the most qualified technologists from its P&G labs worldwide US-based marketing team and Japanese team had the same task – Japanese team came up with SK-II In the end, each market ended up with a distinct product built on a common technology platform. Marketing expertise was also shared, allowing the organisation to exploit local learning Decisions Japanese Opportunity Tapping into P&Gs extensive technological resources – extend the SK-II line beyond its traditional product offerings Although would take a considerable amount of time and effort, it would exploit internal capabilities and external brand image Product innovation and superior in-store service – competitive advantage in Japan China Operating since 1988 only Entrepreneurial beauty care manager in China Some were worried that SK-II would be a distraction to P&Gs strategy of becoming a mainstream Chinese company and to its competitive goal of entering 600 Chinese cities ahead of competitors Targeting an elite consumer group with a niche product was not in keeping with the objective of reaching the 1. 2 billion population with laundry, hair care, oral care, diapers and other basics Europe De Cesare – new the European market well Without any real brand awareness or heritage, would SK-II’s mystique transfer to a Western market Organisational constraint De Cesare recognised that his decision needed to comply with the organisational reality in which it would be implemented Jager – openly questioned how well some of the products in the beauty care business fit in the P&G portfolio – the fashion-linked and promotion-driven sales models neither played well to P&G’s â€Å"stack it high, sell it cheap† marketing skills nor exploited its superior technologies From a local to a global focus

Industrial Accident Bhopal Gas Tragedy

Industrial Accident Bhopal Gas Tragedy Background Bhopal gas tragedy is an industrial accident happened in India in December of 1984. The significant release of such a hazardous gas as methyl isocyanate at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) plant in Bhopal led to deaths of about 3,000 people during the first week after the accident.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Industrial Accident: Bhopal Gas Tragedy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The water entered the tank with the chemicals, and the chemical reaction led to the release of toxic gases. The amounts of released gases caused the environmental disaster and affected the health of thousands of people. The Main Causes of Bhopal Gas Tragedy Discussing the key causes of Bhopal gas tragedy, it is possible to focus on two theories. The proponents of the first theory support the idea that the main causes of the disaster are directly associated with the weaknesses in governance at the plant. The lack of investment, focus on undertrained employees, bad equipment, bad maintenance associated with storing hazardous chemicals in inappropriate tanks, and poor safety systems caused the risky situation.  The supporters of the other theory state that the main cause of the accident is the sabotage associated with employees’ actions. In this case, the problem of governance is also important because the inappropriate management could lead to creating the dangerous situation at the plant. Furthermore, the safety system was not developed and supported by the government to address the possible risky situation. From this point, both the Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) and the Government of India were responsible for the accident. The Impact and Magnitude of the Industrial Accident The industrial accident associated with the release of toxic gases led to the deaths of about 8,000 people during the first two weeks after the accident. Having analyzed the details of the accident, it is possi ble to state that the lack of the effective safety measures led to the disaster causing the environmental, social, and economic catastrophe. About 500,000 people were injured because released chemicals caused blindness, asthma, the central nervous system’s problems, anemia, and diseases in children as a result of the air, water, and soil pollution. The foods grown at the territories round the plant were inappropriate for eating. Thousands of people had to migrate from the polluted lands.Advertising Looking for case study on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evaluation of Response Measures The UCC’s immediate response to the disaster was effective from the point of minimization of the possible gas leaks and safety precautions, but response measures associated with the aspect of morality and responsibility were ineffective because the UCC rejected their responsibility for the accident. However, the responsibility was admitted by the UCC later, and the corporation focused on providing required settlements.  In this case, the Indian government’s actions were rather effective to gain the compensation, because the government reacted to the disaster while enacting the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster Act in 1985. As a result, the Indian government could represent the interests of the victims outside India. Furthermore, the actions of the Indian government allowed receiving significant settlement funds. The other responses include the development of the health care system in India. Recommendations to Minimize Effects In order to minimize the negative effects of similar accidents, it is necessary to focus on the improvement of risk management in organizations. It is necessary to classify all possible risks according to their severity, probability, and outcomes and develop the plan of actions depending on the character of the risk. The first step is the development of the effective risk management plan. The second step is the development of the effective modern safety system to avoid the risk of sabotage and any other accidents. It is important to avoid locating hazardous works at highly populated territories. The management systems in organizations and healthcare systems should be improved according to the local policies and national surveillance programs. Organizations and authorities should focus on educating people about the risks of chemicals and about health and environmental threats.

Thesis Papers in Education

Thesis Papers in Education Thesis Papers in Education Thesis Papers in EducationStudents should learn the most important lesson what the time management is. Moreover, the practical knowledge will be of some help, when you start writing a thesis paper. They need to be especially attentive while writing thesis papers in education. The process of writing includes structuring the parts of the research findings, collecting the relevant information, writing and editing drafts and formatting the research paper. The division of all these processes into the separate parts may help students write thesis papers in education in time. If you manage to get the writing process settled, then you will have enough time for research and preparation of visual aids, appendixes, and supportive documents. You may also read great articles on thesis format, thesis methodology, and thesis ideas to get a better understanding of thesis writing process.Thesis Papers in Education: Topic SuggestionsEducation papers may be written on different topics and levels. W hat makes this type of thesis unique is that students often get lost in choosing the subject for their research. Of course, there are many writing companies, which claim themselves the best in writing assignments, but first thing to remember while choosing online helper is to make sure that there are no negative feedbacks about the company. Here are several topic suggestions you may find useful:Reading and WritingMulti-Age EducationDistance Learning EducationPhysical EducationSpecial EducationThesis Papers in Education: Writing TipsOnce the topic is chosen, your next step is to narrow the topic, to single out certain questions concerning the aspect which is interesting for you: history, statistics, practical research and so on. For example, you choose the following topic Distance Learning for handicapped people. You can trace the most significant issues related to this topic: group handicapped people by their disabilities, write about various conditions for teaching, programs of edu cation, curriculum and other things. The question chosen for the research should be interesting and raise some disputes. However, if it has been researched already, it is not worth rewriting the thoughts and conclusions of others. Thesis Papers in Education: Custom ServiceIf thesis paper writing is something you have no time to do, you have an opportunity to try our writing services and get your thesis paper in education written from scratch by professional and educated writers. We do not work with ESL writers because your trust is very important for us. Our company has been in business for over 5 years and we have already helped thousands of students. You can become our client as well. It is very easy and safe to place an order at our site. Moreover, we guarantee free revisions and full refunds for missed deadlines!

Historical film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Historical film analysis - Essay Example Human activity is one of the major external causes of climate change. The rising levels of aerosols and the polluted air released from manufacturing activities of cement and other environmental harmful products are among the top causes of climate change. Animal farming and deforestation activities affect climate because the surface is left exposed to extreme radiation. Other factors are poor land use, and depletion of the ozone layer. The earth’s orbit also has some variations which cause changes in the climate conditions. These changes affect the distribution of sunlight to the earth’s surface. Industrial activities carried out by modern technology and developments have led to increase in the level of carbon dioxide over the years. The earth’s temperature has been increased by man-made green houses through releasing gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. The green houses also release water vapor, which contributes to the green house effect by increasing the warmth of the atmosphere. Nitrous oxide gas is a product of soil cultivation in the greenhouses, and is also another cause of climate change because it contributes to the green house effect. Volcanic reactions are part of the external causes of climate change. These release gases and other harmful substances into the atmosphere. After a volcanic reaction has occurred, the earth’s surface is blocked from getting the sun’s radiation because of the cooling that takes place for several years. One of the eruptions that caused climate change is the eruption of Novarupta which was the largest eruption in 1912, followed by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo which was the second largest eruption in the 20th century. The carbon cycle involves volcanoes because they release large amounts of carbon dioxide from the earth’s crust and other carbon dioxide sources. Variation in the solar energy is another cause of climate change. Changes or variations in the solar output lead to the

Burkes Key Ideas in Shelleys Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Burkes Key Ideas in Shelleys Work - Essay Example Similarly pleasure is something, which can be created from void, which can felt by its own origin or by the serenity of observing and sensing small and delicate joys. Pain can be visualized as it exists from 'nothing' but infinity. That infinity which resides deep inside human soul, and can only be felt by going through different channels of exploration, these channels actually reside within human existence and it is only possible to activate these channels, if one is aware how it feels to investigate things. How to feel fear, how to feel pain, and similarly how to overcome pain with pleasure. This obscurity can be identified in P.B. Shelley's work as it is the human mind, which creates obscurity, which creates and even beautifies its creation, sometimes in small and tiny things, those things that are often assumed as 'meaningless' to the world, might be of great importance to someone's imagination. It is actually what one perceives, how he perceives and in which way he perceives The refore, the vastness lies not in the nature, as a matter of fact the nature is still, possess some kind of serenity, but it lies within the limitations we set to our imagination. To some people nature has its own language, own way of conveying messages. Messages that can be understood not by everyone, but only those who know the way of feeling things, things that bring small joys, small delicacies with small breezes of tranquility. It is the silence of the nature, which can be felt, vastness lies within us, within our perception. Shelley has used the word 'dark' and 'glittering', so the abstract is our imagination, which leads to our approach in identification. It is the imaginative dilemma through which we can judge the degree of obscurity of our human nature. Our nature when compared to the 'landscape' reveals many hidden aspects to us. Like, the natural beauty or we can say the natural landscapes, is austere to human. It entirely depends upon us to how we take perception of it. E ither we feel it obscure, beautiful or we feel a painful experience. If we regard it as beautiful, to what extent we are skeptical about it, and how we are affected physically by the nature of its awesomeness. To Burke the concept of 'sublime' is the most powerful and effective degree of human experience, which can be felt by the natural factors of fear, pain and joy. A particular feeling of passion, which is caused by the sublime, leads human towards darkness or light. These conditions always exist in their true forms; they are pure without any obstacles of external environmental factors. Their purity can be assessed by the fact as to what extent they occupy the mind when they are present in any form. The same influence can be seen in Shelley's 'Mont Blanc' part 2 as 'My own, my human mind, which passively Now renders and receives fast influencings, Holding an unremitting interchange With the clear universe of things around;' -Percy Bysshe Shelley So, the influences when intercept themselves with clarity or obscurity, they have a strong influence on human mind or a strong hold on human mind. That influence can be seen in its highest form in the presence of pain or fear. Pain is more influential than

BMW's dream factory and culture case Term Paper

BMW's dream factory and culture case - Term Paper Example The organizational culture of BMW can be characterized as employee oriented. Employees at BMW are given great importance and policies of the company can be termed as employee centric. BMW focuses on empowerment of employees and gives them enough freedom to come up with new ideas. The company also encourages innovation even for the lower level employees. There are also no red tapes in the company that separate the higher managers to the lower level employees. All this indicate to the fact that the culture of BMW is employee oriented. In BMW employees are treated with respect and their suggestions are given attention. This is another reason why we can characterize the organizational culture of BMW as employee oriented. Employees are encouraged to come up with new ideas and their ideas are implemented within the company. This not only boosts the confidence of employees but also communicates to the employees how much the organization pays heed to their word. Employee oriented organizational culture is the reason of the long term success of the company because human capital is the most important part of any organization, and human capital is treated with great regard at BMW. The organizational culture of BMW is very friendly and the top management is always interested in listening to employees. The company has benefitted from many innovations that were brought up by lower level employees. The entrepreneurial culture of the company fosters innovation by empowering employees to make a difference (Hellriegel & Slocum, 552). BMW allows employees to remain at the forefront of innovation and therefore the culture of the company can be categorized as employee oriented. The automobile industry mostly relies on standard operating procedures and rigid assembly line manuals guide employees about their work. This is not the case in BMW as employees enjoy a great deal of freedom. Employees at the company operate with a high degree of flexibility and can change even their

Tesco Rapidly Changing Environment Business Essay

Tesco Rapidly Changing Environment Business Essay Todays world is a rapidly changing place. Part of rapidly changing environment that managers face is the globalization of business. Management is no longer constrained by national borders. In order to function and to survive, organization has to interact constantly with the world outside. Developments across a range of factors will have an impact on your business or industry. Business environment is a set of political, economic, social and technological (PEST) forces that are largely outside the control and influence of a business and that can potentially have both a positive and a negative impact on the business. You need to understand how the external environment affects and influences the organization structure. In this situation for achieving high performance manager need to adapt an organization. In this report TESCOs business environment is describe here. Using SWOT and PESTLE analysis tool TESCOs business strategy clearly define. Introduction of TESCO Tesco was founded by Sir Jack Cohen in 1924. In 1919 Jack Cohen started to selling groceries in Londons markets. The Tea is the first product in which the brand name of Tesco appeared in 1920. So the name Tesco comes from the initials of TE Stockwell who was a partner in the firm of tea suppliers. The first store of Tesco was opened in 1929 in Burnt oak, Edgware. Today TESCO is one of the top three international retailers with 366,000 worldwide staff, more than 2500 stores in twelve countries which sales  £41.8 billion. The vision and philosophy of TESCO is that Every Little Helps is behind everything we do. The Corporate Social Responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust of customers by acting good services and good relation between customers and suppliers and by building goodwill. They doing this only for earn customers loyalty and it is core purpose of Tesco. Tesco has four types of store formats for instance, Tesco Metro, Tesco Express, Tesco superstore and Tesco Extra (24 hour) all of them provide different shopping experience but same outstanding value. Tesco sells both food and non-food items. The leading market position improves its brand image and it provides a platform to start private label brands. The items include food, CDs, Books, medicine, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, alcohol, clothes, toys and electrical goods. Tesco has an exciting brand name. It is related with the good quality, honest goods and services that characterize excellent value. A strong brand name and moreover the attractive customer preservation rates are helps the group to introduce more products under its own labels and allocate it to enter new markets. Tesco.com is one of the leading online grocery shopping services in the world and the fourth biggest online retailer in the UK. Amazon, Dell and Argos are placed in the first three positions. Tesco.com serves m ore than one million regular customers in the UK including households from both urban and rural areas. The group has developed tesco.com-only store, an online service, for the customer in the UK with limited accessibility to physical stores. Tesco operates three types of operations: The First one is UK operations; it is categorized by five formats which are different from size, location and products. The largest operation of UK is in new cast. In addition to food, it also operates in the non food fragment items including clothing, electrical goods, home entertainment, stationery, kitchen items and furnitures. The Second operation is outside UK. The other British retailers who tried to expand international business have failed but Tesco has been succeeding to build an international business. It started this operation in 2004. The Third one is Internet operations. In 1994 Tesco also started to operate internet and it is the first retailer in the world who offered home shopping service since 1996. It expanded online ranges as books, wine, movies and electrical goods. From the above information it is clear that although the performance of TESCO has been affected in some areas but it has still value in the market due to reput ation and name of TESCO in the market. However TESCO achieved its target in food sector. TESCO ltd has been survived through competition over the last four years in the market but still it is one of the largest retailer companies in the UK. SWOT ANALYSIS: SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. SWOT means Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and Threats are external factors. Strengths In global market place TESCO have secured commercial standing because of winning World Retail Awards in Year 2008. This can be used for marketing campaigns to drive advantage towards the demographic base for future growth and sustainability. In an environment where global retail sales are showing decline TESCO Group has published sales gain of 13% for UK markets and 26% growth in international markets. Tesco.com is the worlds biggest online supermarket. Tesco online now operates in over 270 stores around the country, covering 96% of the UK. With over a million households nationwide having used the companys online services, the company has a strong platform to further develop this revenue stream. Profits for Tescos operations in Europe, Asia and Ireland increased by 78% during the last fiscal year. The company has a strong brand image, and is associated with good quality, trustworthy goods that represent excellent value. Since acquiring number one ranking in 1996, Tesco has developed a successful multi format strategy that has accelerated its advantage. Its UK sales are now 71% larger than Sainsburys. Weaknesses: TESCOs position as a price leader in UK markets can lead to reduced profit margins in order to retain the key price points on must have commercial items. TESCO Finance profit levels were impacted through credit card arrears, bad debt and household insurance claims. One of Tescos weaknesses has been its failure to dominate the city centre marketplace. Although it has some prominent city centre stores, e.g. the Carlisle store in the North of England, it has failed to make them universal. Grocer outlets are not set up to operate as specialist retailers in specific areas of product which can be capitalized on by other smaller bespoke retailers. Opportunities: Statistics suggest TESCO is the third largest global grocer which indicates a level of buying power to ensure mainstream economies of scale. The acquisition of whoever provides the opportunity to develop the brand through Asia, specifically South Korea and further grow International markets for the group. The development of Tesco Direct through online and catalogue shopping will grow the use of technology. Providing non food based products with moderate to high margin returns and less focus on sales and margin per foot return to space. TESCO mobile have grown 0.25 million customers in 2008 and moved into profitable status suggesting further growth and development within this technological area can be developed. Threats: Food and non food items raw material cost is rising, will impact profit margins overall. In far East locations exporting restrictions on some non food product areas will reduce margin rates on products with already low margins. American and UK markets have been affected by economic concerns through the credit crunch. Lower available income will impact and strategic focus may need to change to lower priced basic products with less focus on higher priced brands suggesting a switch in price architecture. For TESCO, there is a persistent threat of takeover from the market leader Wal-Mart who has both means and motive to pursue such action. PESTLE analysis: In analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the factors that might in turn affect a number of vital variables that are likely to influence the organizations supply and demand levels and its costs (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1991; Johnson and Scholes, 1993). Because of ongoing changes that impact the whole organization. PESTLE analysis categorizes environmental influences as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal forces. The analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interplay with each other) on the business. Using these results take advantage of opportunities and to make contingency plans for threats when preparing Business and Strategic plans. Political Factors: Tesco now operates in six countries in Europe in addition to the UK. Tescos performance is highly influenced by the political and legislative conditions of these countries, including the European Union (EU). For employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994). Also to meet the demand from population categories such as students, working parents and senior citizens. Tesco understands that retailing has a great impact on jobs and people factors, being an inherently local and labour-intensive sector. Tesco employs large numbers of student, disabled and elderly workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these workers offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable employees. Economical Factors: Economic factors are of concern to Tesco, because they are likely to influence demand, costs, prices and profits. One of the most influential factors on the economy is high unemployment levels, which decreases the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand required to produce such goods. These economic factors are largely outside the control of the company, but their effects on performance and the marketing mix can be profound. Although international business is still growing and is expected to contribute greater amounts to Tescos profits over the next few years, the company is still highly dependent on the UK market. Hence, Tesco would be badly affected by any slowdown in the UK food market and are exposed to market concentration risks. Social Factors: Current trends indicate that British customers have moved towards one-stop and bulk shopping, which is due to a variety of social changes. Tesco have, therefore, increased the amount of non-food items available for sale. UK retailers are also focusing on added-value products and services. In addition, the focus is now towards; the supply chain, the own-label share of the business mix and other operational improvements, which can drive costs out of the business. National retailers are increasingly reticent to take on new suppliers (Clarke, Bennison and Guy,1994; Datamonitor Report, 2003). The type of goods and services demanded by consumers is a function of their social conditioning. Consumers are becoming more and more aware of health issues, and their attitudes towards food are constantly changing. One example of Tesco adapting its product mix is to accommodate an increased demand for organic products. The company was also the first to allow customers to pay in cheques and cash at the checkout. Technological Factors: Technology is a major macro-environmental variable which has influenced the development of many of the Tesco products. The new technologies benefit both customers and the company: customer satisfaction rises because goods are readily available, services can become more personalized and shopping more convenient. Tesco stores utilize the following technologies: Wireless devices Intelligent scale Electronic shelf labeling Self check-out machine Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The adoption of Electronic Point of Sale (EPoS), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improved the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier (Finch, 2004). Environmental Factors: In 2003, there has been increased pressure on many companies and managers to acknowledge their responsibility to society, and act in a way which benefits society overall (Lindgreen and Hingley, 2003). The major societal issue threatening food retailers has been environmental issues, a key area for companies to act in a socially responsible way. Hence, by recognizing this trend within the broad ethical stance. Tescos corporate social responsibility is concerned with the ways in which an organization exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate governance. (Johnson and Scholes, 2003) Graiser and Scott (2004) state that in 2003 the government has intended to launch a new strategy for sustainable consumption and production to cut waste, reduce consumption of resources and minimize environmental damage. The latest legislation created a new tax on advertising highly processed and fatty foods. The so-called fat tax directly affected the Tesco product ranges that have subsequently been adapted, affecting relationships with both suppliers and customers. Legal Factors: Various government policies and legislations have a direct impact on the performance of Tesco. For instance, the Food Retailing Commission (FRC) suggested an enforceable Code of Practice should be set up banning many of the current practices, such as demanding payments from suppliers and changing agreed prices retrospectively or without notice (Mintel Report, 2004). The presence of powerful competitors with established brands creates a threat of intense price wars and strong requirements for product differentiation. The governments policies for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers power can limit entry to this sector with such controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw materials (Mintel Report, 2004; Myers, 2004). In order to implement politically correct pricing policies, Tesco offers consumers a price reduction on fuel purchases based on the amount spent on groceries at its stores. While prices are lowered on promoted goods, prices elsewhere in the store are raised to compensate. Organizational Business Strategy: To produce great business performance it is necessary to turn strategies and plan into individual actions but it is not easy. Many companies repeatedly fail to truly motivate their people to work with enthusiasm, all together towards the corporate aim. Most companies and organizations know their businesses and strategies required for success. However many corporations especially large ones struggle to translate the theory into action plans that will enable the strategy to be successfully implemented and sustained. Formalization: Formalization is the extent to which rules and procedures are followed in an organization. This element varies across organizations. For example in some organization arrival and departure times to and from work are specified. In other organizations employees will spend sufficient time on the job to get the work done. In some organizations many rules are codified in huge manuals but no one pays attention to them. In others little is written down but rules are informally understood and followed. The most useful definition of formalization is that it represents the use of rules in an organization. The degree to which rules are followed not the degree to which they are codified. In Tesco shift type working system is there. Time punctuation is most important in Tesco. Each and every staff wears particular uniform. Specialization: Work specializations to describe the degree to which activities in the organization are subdivided into separate jobs. The essence of work specialization is that rather than an entire job being done by one individual it is broken down into a number of steps with each step being completed by a separate individual. In essence individuals specialize in doing part of an activity rather to the entire activity. In Tesco according to different positions different roles are there like general manager, purchasing manager, technical manager, finance manager, HR manager, customer service assistance etc. Hierarchy: In a hierarchical organization employees are ranked at various levels within the organization, each level is one above the other. At each stage in the chain, one person has a number of workers directly under them, within their span of control. The chain of command is a typical pyramid shape. A tall hierarchical organisation has many levels and a flat hierarchical organisation will only have a few. Tesco has a flat hierarchical structure with just six levels between checkout staff and chief executive. Each store manager is responsible for their store. External Environment: In retail Tesco is top of supermarket in UK. There are many competitors like Asda, Sainsbury. In current market position Tescos share is more than other retail company. Every year growth of Tesco is increase. In market position Tesco is stable. Culture: Tesco is now in international market. In Tesco many different culture people are working together not any obligation for culture and peoples value is same. In Tesco clear norms and value are there. Professionalism: Training is most important for every company. In some companies training is given by professional way while in small companies training is formal. Tesco gives high professional training. Goals and Strategy: Top management is to determine an organizations goals, strategy and design. Organizations mission is the official goal whereas in organization actually pursues, specific outcomes like resources, overall performance, market, employ development, innovation, productivity are operative goals. Strategy means plan for achieving organizational goals in competitive environment. Goals define where the organization wants to go, strategy how it will get there. Tescos main goal is to create value for customer to earn their lifetime loyalty. For achieving this goal Tesco do something new for customer. Tesco will remove plastic and paper bags. Size: Size of company is determined by number of stores it has and number of employees it has. It is also determined by revenue of company. It had revenue of 47.3 billion pounds for the year 2008. This made Tesco the fourth largest retailer of the world. Tesco is operating as 2318 stores and more than 326000 employees. Conclusion:

Essay --

Spencer Hsu Ethics in Manufacturing in China. 12/9/13 We often hear in the news how badly factory workers are treated in China. With their low wages, constant overtime, and hazardous work environments (Luk, 2013), it's simple to think that the factory owners are ruthless pigs. Even though conditions are far from perfect, western media have been attacking foreign practices for decades. American companies have mostly been trying to hide from the spotlight blaming the poor outsourced conditions on the foreign companies. The HBR case (Eccles, 2011) shows the challenges Foxconn had faced ever since news broke out about the conditions within the factory. Nevertheless, I wanted to take on the challenge in explaining China’s factory situation. I want to take a different angle about this as I personally know factory workers in China and how crucial it is to have this kind of work in their communities. China is a booming country. With annual GDP growth of over 7.4%, this is a number western countries can only dream of. Every so often there is a news report that hits the wire talking about factory conditions in China. The one that gets focused the most is Foxconn (Hon Hai). Foxconn is the largest and most dominant factory group in the world assembling electronics for global companies including Apple, HP, Dell, and many more. They are publicized as the bad guy every so often and even though they are not perfect, they have made significant improvements once word got out what they were doing to their employees. I could've easily wrote a paper about Hon Hai’s business practices and that it isn't ethical for American companies to outsource to dirt cheap labor with harsh conditions, but that would all be from the naive American eye. Opinions great... ...f a tremendous opportunity this is to that community. Local city governments all over the world fight for companies to create jobs in their district. Because of this intense competition of jobs, they will do whatever it takes to get that factory work there. In the end, the losers aren't American companies or the Chinese people in the factories, it's the original western country factory workers that had lost their jobs and now their city has changed forever. When you have millions of people overseas competing with you for your job willing to work at less than 1/10th of your salary, you better be 10x better than that person. Welcome to the new global economy. Appendix 1) Lorraine Luk (2013). Foxconn Admits to Labor Violations at Factory, WSJ. 2) Robert G. Eccles, George Serafeim, Beiting Cheng (2011). Foxconn Technology Group. HBR, Prod. #: 112002-PDF-ENG

Experience Brings Success

Experience Brings Success Bonnie R. Humpherys Instructor: Carol Bartlo Daemen College April 24, 2012 Introduction After graduating college, many students are often confused about the next step in life. While the main goal is to achieve success, college students are faced with many different opportunities after graduation. Some of these opportunities include becoming and entrepreneur, pursuing more education or working for an existing business to gain experience.The cost of college tuition continues to rise and as a result we are asking ourselves whether it is really worth spending years working towards a degree when the same time could be spent earning money. Pursuing more education and working for an existing business promises and provides students with knowledge and experience needed to succeed. Generally, in this fast pace society both knowledge and experience are needed to succeed in the workforce. According to â€Å"Entrepreneurship and Development† Lazaer quotes â€Å"m any college graduates are unemployed due to lack of experience in their field of study. Instead of thinking of different options many students automatically believe that they will obtain a high paying job as soon as they graduate college. Gaining experience in their field of study while acquiring more knowledge in graduate school can prepare students for career advancement. â€Å"As new social groups enter higher education, socially privileged groups, whose reproduction was traditionally ensured by college degrees, increase their investments in education to stay ahead of newcomers. (Lazaer 2005) Being that more people are going to college every year the work force has become very competitive.Generally an undergraduate degree is no longer valued as an advanced degree in the work force. After conducting a survey of twenty-five college students and five professionals I was able to make inferences and draw statistical conclusions. Being that I surveyed a wide variety of majors and prof essions the results varied greatly. Generally 71% of the respondents, both graduates and undergraduates chose to â€Å"pursue more education† as a plan after graduation. In addition to pursuing more education 46% of respondents chose to â€Å"work for an existing business while pursuing more education. Though 71% of respondents chose to pursue more education it can be concluded that most undergraduate students do not have the financial ability to pursue an advanced degree. It can also be concluded that many college graduates do not pursue an advanced degree because they do not have the financial ability to attend. Being that many of the respondents who chose other graduation plans agreed to pursue an advanced degree if they had the financial ability, this conclusion can be deemed valid. Appendix AAccording to the results, many of the Undergraduate respondents that chose to work for an existing business want to gain experience. Being that 75% of the professionals responded to pursue more education while getting experience, it can be concluded that work experience is very important in your career. Along with gaining experience, over 75% of the professional respondents agreed that an advanced degree is very important to obtain a job and for career advancement. Being that many of these respondents are already in their career fields their opinion can be deemed valid because they have first hand experience in their daily lives.Over 50% of the student respondents agreed that there is a lot of competition to obtain job and an advanced degree is essential for career advancement. Overall, due to the results from the other questions and the charts below the overall conclusion of not having the financial ability is what limits students from pursuing an advanced degree. Appendix A Conclusions In the society that we live, having a college degree is very important. Most businesses and practically all government agencies require at least a bachelor’s degree for an entry-level position.In order to obtain these entry-level positions it is very important to have experience. Gaining experience while pursuing an advanced degree is very essential to career advancement. As more people go to college each year undergraduate degrees are no longer as valuable for employment and advancement. Although many college students do not have the financial resources to attend, investing in an advanced degree opens up a vast amount of opportunities. Generally, pursuing more education while working for an existing business helps students gain the necessary knowledge and experience for employment and advancement.Refrences Lazaer, E. (2005). Entrepreneurship and development. Journal of Labor Economics23(4), 649-680. Retrieved from www. jstor. org. daeme. iii. com/stable/10. 1086/491605 Leibebstein, H. (1968). Entrepreneurship and development. The American Economic Review, 58(2), 72-83. Retrieved from http:/www. jstor. org. daeme. iii. com/stable/ Pringle, C. (n. d. ). Perceived fulfillment of organizational employment versus entrepreneurship: Work values and career intentions of business college graduates. Journal of Small Business Management, 29, 23-56. Zemke, R. (2001).Where do leaders come from? . Training, 38, 44-48. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/203413677? accountid=10399 Appendix A The Future for College Graduates The purpose of this survey is to gain insight into advanced degrees and professional employment. What is your undergraduate major? __________________________________________ What are your plans immediately after graduation? * Become an entrepreneur * Become an entrepreneur and pursue more education * Go to work for an existing business * Go to work for an existing business and pursue more education * Pursue more education Other, please specify ___________________________ Why do you feel your choice in the above question will be best for you? ______________________________________________________________ _______________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Will your choice give you the immediate and future earnings potential you most desire? Definitely Most likely Not sure Unlikely What level of interest do you have for becoming an entrepreneur immediately after graduation?Much interest Some Interest Little interest No interest What level of interest do you have for pursuing an advanced degree immediately after graduation? Much interest Some Interest Little interest No interest Do you feel you have the financial ability to attend graduate school immediately after graduation? Yes No Page 1 of 2 If you did have the financial resources to attend graduate school immediately after graduation, would you then choose to go to graduate school? Yes NoWhat level of interest do you have for going to work for an established business immediately after college? Much interest Some Interest Little interest No interest What is the value of an advanced degree f or business professionals to obtain employment? Very valuable Valuable somewhat valuable Not very valuable What is the value of an advanced degree for business professionals for career advancement? Very valuable Valuable somewhat valuable Not very valuableWhat is the value of professional work experience for business professionals for career advancement? Very valuable Valuable somewhat valuable Not very valuable Do you feel you would be at a disadvantage entering the professional workplace without an advanced degree? Yes No How do you feel about the competition for obtaining employment? Very competitive Competitive Somewhat competitive Not competitive How much pressure do you feel about the amount of experience professional positions now require?Much Pressure Some pressure Little pressure No pressure Page 2 of 2 Appendix B The Future for College Graduates The purpose of this survey is to gain insight into advanced degrees and professional employment for college graduates. What shoul d college graduates do immediately after graduation? * Become an entrepreneur * Become an entrepreneur and pursue more education * Go to work for an existing business * Go to work for an existing business and pursue more education * Pursue more education Other, please specify ___________________________ Why do you feel your choice in the above question is best for college graduates? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Will that choice give graduates the immediate and future earnings potential they desire? Definitely Most likely Not sure Unlikely Do you feel new graduates have the financial ability to attend graduate school immediately after graduation?Yes No If college graduates did have the financial resources to attend graduate school immediately after graduation, do you think they would then choose to go to graduate school? Yes No What is the value of an advance d degree for business professionals to obtain employment? Very valuable Valuable somewhat valuable Not very valuable What is the value of an advanced degree for business professionals for career advancement?Very valuable Valuable somewhat valuable Not very valuable What is the value of professional work experience for business professionals for career advancement? Very valuable Valuable somewhat valuable Not very valuable Do you feel workers would be at a disadvantage entering the professional workplace without an advanced degree? Yes No How do you feel about the competition for obtaining employment? Very competitive Competitive Somewhat competitive Not competitive

Pancras Churchyard in London Essay

Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelly. We can tell by Mary Shelly’s back ground, were she has incorporated some of her social experiences in to her novel. Mary was the daughter of an anarchist father (William Godwin) and a feminist mother (Mary Wollstonecraft). In today’s terms this could be thought as a ‘wild upbringing’. Mary grew up in an environment that suggested she needed to question the way society was being run. Mary’s mother died ten days after giving birth to her, an act that Mary’s father was never quick to forgive; in fact he blamed Mary for his wife’s death and this often forced Mary to attempt to take her place. This was often in the form of sitting on literary discussions and meeting her father’s estranged guests. At the age of 17 Mary would often write at her mother’s grave side at St Pancras Churchyard in London; where the couple had married. Mary includes her fascination with death into Frankenstein. An example is, in chapter 24 pages 217 Victor says â€Å"as night approached, I found myself at the entrance to the cemetery. † His random wonderings have led him to be with his dead family, where he feels alone and maybe wants to join them. It was through Mary’s fascination with the cemetery that she met her soon to be husband, the poet Percy Bysshe Shelly. He followed her there upon her father’s instruction and declared his love for her; it was to become their meeting place. In the novel Mary uses the cemeteries a few times, when Victor goes to the cemetery to collect dead bodies to create his monster. There are clearly some important dates in the life of Mary Shelly that no doubt influence the subject matter of the novel. In 1805 there was the Napoleonic Wars lasting until 1815 causing great hardship and social upheaval. In 1811 Britain witnessed similar unrest and feelings of revolution. In 1814 Mary elopes with shelly and travels into France and Switzerland, this could have given her the ideas in chapter 9 where the scenery is mountainous and beautiful. Also in the novel, the monster goes exploring in Switzerland. In 1816 Mary and Shelly go to Switzerland and this is where the Novel is begun. Suicides of Fanny Imlay, Mary Wollstonecraft’s daughter by a previous liaison, as well as Percy Shelley’s wife Harriet allowing Mary and Percy to marry. This could be linked to when Victor is wondering weather to commit suicide in chapter 9 by jumping into the silent lake. Mary Shelly was somewhat of a celebrity of her time and was friends with all of the famous writers and poets, and a lot of those people influenced and helped her in the writing of Frankenstein. Not only was Mary Shelly influenced by the poets around her but by classic Greek mythology and in particular the tale of Prometheus.